![\"\"](\"https:\/\/chronologiekritik.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/schreiber.jpg\")
The list presented here enumerates numerous authors who are either active in chronological criticism today or have done preliminary work on it in the past. Some are important historical critics of their own time, others have merely given food for thought pointing in the same direction.<\/p>\n
The biographical notes are only intended to provide a brief overview for the classification of the corresponding author. They have not usually been verified by the author himself. Under the heading “Selected Publications”, only a few works are listed that deal with historical criticism in the narrower sense; of course, most authors have published far more books and articles than are listed here.<\/p>\n
For a quick overview of the chronological and linguistic classification of the most important authors, the Author Timeline<\/a> is suitable.<\/p>\n Important note: This list was compiled without soliciting the opinions of the authors listed, so inclusion in this list does not imply that the individuals named agree with the ideas presented on C<\/strong>hronology criticism<\/strong>; nor do the staff<\/a> of the C<\/strong>hronology criticism<\/strong> site necessarily accept the views published by the authors named here. — A —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Nicolas Antonio 1617 Seville – 1684 Madrid [Spain]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: <\/strong>1742 (posthumous): Censura de historias fabulosas (Valencia).<\/p>\n Antonio was the founder of the “Spanish Library”, which is still fundamental today, and possessed 30,000 volumes himself, in addition to a truly extensive knowledge. In 1652, he had begun to doubt the authenticity of Higuera’s Cronicones<\/em>, which met with strong opposition. In his Censura de historias fabulosas <\/em>( Critique of Fabulous Tales ), he then provided evidence for the correctness of his claims. Some contemporaries joined his opinion, but his main work was not printed until 90 years later on the initiative of G. Mayans y Siscar<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Joseph Aschbach 1801 – 1882 [H\u00f6chst (Frankfurt am Main), Germany] Lived in Vienna, Austria<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Aschbach, born in Germany, studied in Heidelberg and was appointed professor in Vienna. Around 1860, with his critical method on Roswitha von Gandersheim, he created the model for further work in literary criticism, helping to clear up the jumble of Renaissance inventions. He was an outstanding Arabist and, in his time, highly honoured as a professor in Vienna, knighted by the Emperor.<\/p>\n The principle of his working method when sifting through source material is: only internal features can reveal a forgery, because external features such as parchment, writing, etc. can be deceptively to unrecognisably well imitated, especially when there are no means of comparison.<\/p>\n — B —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Robert Baldauf 1881 in Waldenburg, Switzerland – 1918 Frankfurt\/M.<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Baldauf studied at the University of Basel around the turn of the century. He studied the chronicles of Charlemagne and found that, because of their language, they could not have been written in the 9th and 11th centuries, but clearly later (Vol. I). He applied the same linguistic research to the Roman and Greek authors and came to the conclusion (vol. IV C) that they too were all written in the Renaissance: the Roman poets use stylistic devices such as end rhyme and staff rhyme! Not only Horace, Ovid and Caesar, but also Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Aristotle are, according to Baldauf, “children of one century: the 14\/15th our Romans and Hellenes were the Italian humanists”. <\/a>Jan Beaufort *1955 [Rotterdam, Netherlands] Lives in Bielefeld<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Beaufort studied philosophy, theology and history in Leiden (Netherlands) and W\u00fcrzburg. In 1999, Illig’s calendar argument caught his attention because it addressed a problem that had not previously been recognized in the secondary literature on the Gregorian calendar reform. Since then, he has published several contributions in Illig’s Zeitenspr\u00fcnge<\/a>. From 2006 to 2012, he was editor of the website fantomzeit.de<\/a> together with Andreas Otte and Heribert Illig.<\/p>\n When Gunnar Heinsohn presented his new thesis on the chronology of the first millennium in 2011, he followed Heinsohn. Together with the architect Ewald Ernst and Heinsohn himself, he also publicly defended the thesis with contributions on the website of Anne-Marie de Grazia<\/a>. He worked in the research group formed by Heinsohn and continues to lead it today after Heinsohn’s retirement.<\/p>\n <\/a>Ben Ezra see Lacunza<\/a>, Manuel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Christian Bl\u00f6ss *1957 [Kiel, Germany] Lives in Berlin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Bl\u00f6ss is a contributor to chronology criticism<\/strong>. See a detailed biography at Christian Bl\u00f6ss<\/a>. <\/a>Nicolas Boulanger 1722-1759 [Paris]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: In his most important work for us, Boulanger states: ‘All memorial festivals are funeral ceremonies for the people destroyed in the catastrophe. No single meteorite or comet can be considered the cause, but the world system as a whole has changed in each case. The usual chronologies with their inflated millennia are greatly exaggerated. The revelation by a God is replaced by natural events such as the Flood, which are produced by heaven. The expected judge of the end times is a recognisable invention resulting from the experience of catastrophe.<\/p>\n See Heribert Illig’s review in Zeitenspr\u00fcnge 3\/2010, pp. 554-578 (Mantis, Gr\u00e4felfing).<\/p>\n — C —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Julio Caro Baroja *1914 [Bera de Bidasoa, Basque Country] Lived in Madrid, died 1995<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Anthropologist and historian of world renown, awarded numerous academic honours, who wrote many works and investigations in Spanish and especially Basque religious and linguistic history, including sensational revelations of forgeries and tactics of the Inquisition in connection with the persecutions of witches. His exposure of fabricated historical documents in the 16th century, such as the lead tablets of Granada, appeared in 1991, the same year as the Illig\/Niemitz push to chronologically untangle the Middle Ages.<\/p>\n See here: Caro Baroja: Teaching example of a forgery<\/a>.<\/p>\n — D —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Hermann Detering *1953 [Oldenburg] – 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Dr. theol. Hermann Detering was a Protestant pastor in Berlin. He learned the methods of scientific Bible criticism from the respected theologian Walter Schmithals. Detering became famous for his books critically examining the church founder Paul: he shows that all the Pauline letters are clever forgeries from the 2nd century. In his latest work, O Thou Dear Augustine (2015), he has moved the church father Augustine into the 11th century (note from Illig, see review of ZS 2015<\/a>, issue 1). Detering maintained the website Radikalkritik<\/a>. His motto: De omnibus dubitandum (everything is to be doubted).<\/p>\n See also the review of “Falsche Zeugen”<\/a> by Uwe Topper.\u00a0For the obituary see here.<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Berta Diener, see Sir Galahad<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Arthur Drews 1865 – 1935 [Holstein, Germany] Lived in Karlsruhe, Germany.<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: After Bruno Bauer, the philosopher Arthur Drews from Karlsruhe is the best-known German critic of the historical existence of Jesus. His book: “Die Christusmythe” (published in 1909) triggered fierce and emotionally charged debates that gripped all circles of the Empire. In the second volume (1911), he confronted his opponents and presented new evidence for the untenability of the assumption of a historical person as the template for the Christ. — F —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Emilio Gonz\u00e1lez Ferr\u00edn 1965 [Ciudad Real, Spain]. Lives and teaches in Seville<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Full Professor of Arabic and Islamic Intellectual History at the University of Seville, Director of the Faculty of Philology. Original thinker in the succession of Ignaz Olag\u00fce and follower of G\u00fcnter L\u00fcling, widely read and discussed in the Spanish-speaking world. See his two contributions in the Reading Room. Detailed review as a contributor here<\/a>. <\/a>Anatoly Fomenko 1945 [Donetsk, Ukraine]. Lives in Moscow, Russia<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Fomenko, a well-known Russian mathematician, is a professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Moscow and a member of the Academy of Sciences. As the founder and leader of the “New Chronology”, he advocates a radical shortening of history, as many epochs and empires (e.g. the Roman Empire) were only literary duplicates of later empires. His statistical method of analysing history consists of comparing individual dates (length of reign and similar data) to prove that different dynasties coincide(see Eugen Gabowitsch: Fomenko<\/a>). His critics accuse him of not being objective in his choice of data. Fomenko’s Russian books, which are primarily aimed at a lay audience, have gained a very large readership and achieved high print runs; only some of them are also available in poor and sometimes misleading English translations. Historians have rejected Fomenko’s historical works as unsuitable pseudo-science. Incidentally, even in Russia itself, as can be found in the proceedings of the History Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 14 June 1998<\/a>. <\/a>Horst Friedrich *1931 [Breslau] – 2015 near Munich, Germany.<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Friedrich, Dr. rer. nat. studied philosophy of science and history of science and received his doctorate in Munich in 1974 with a thesis on 17th century natural science: “Die Vorstellungen von elektrischen Effluvien bei Naturforschern des Barock-Zeitalters.” For a good four decades he has been intensively involved in numerous controversies between non-conformist researchers and scholars and the established “mainstream” school science.<\/p>\n The aim of his numerous publications is to influence people to view scientific doctrines and “world views” with a healthy dose of scepticism – for the sake of their fundamentally provisional and time-dependent character; he believes that an institutionalisation of academic diversity of opinion at our universities is overdue and must lead to an unimagined “knowledge explosion”.<\/p>\n Friedrich wrote numerous articles in ‘Efodon-Synesis’ of which he was co-editor for several years. With good contacts to the international scene of contemporary reconstruction and articles in French and English he gained general reputation. Frederick died on 25 Dec 2015. See our obituary<\/a>. — G —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Eugen Gabowitsch 1938 [Tartu (Dorpat), Estonia] Lived in Karlsruhe and until 2009 in Potsdam, Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Gabowitsch, PhD in natural sciences, has lived in Germany since 1980. From 1981-2003 he was head of the Mathematical Models Department at the Karlsruhe Research Centre. He worked as a translator and publisher, wrote over 100 publications in Estonian, Russian, English and German, and was particularly knowledgeable in the field of Asian history and early historical technologies.<\/p>\n In 1999 Gabowitsch founded the Karlsruhe History Salon and in 2002, together with Uwe Topper, the Potsdam History Salon, both with monthly meetings. His knowledge of Russian made him the most important link between the German and Russian scenes and the disseminator in Germany of the theories of Morozov, Fomenko, etc. He was also a member of the German and Russian committees. From 2000 onwards, he maintained a website containing a lively forum and a number of articles by various authors.<\/p>\n Eugen Gabowitsch died on 21 January 2009.<\/p>\n <\/a>Mischa Gabowitsch 1977 [Moscow, Russia] Lives in Paris, France<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Mischa Gabowitsch, son of Eugen Gabowitsch, speaks and writes a number of languages. He earned his doctorate in 2007 in Paris at the School of Social Sciences. He works as editor-in-chief of a Russian journal in Moscow and another in St. Petersburg, is a fellow of Princeton University, USA and contributes to the online journal kultura of the University of Bremen. <\/a>Gernot Geise 1945 [Gladenbach] Lives in Hohenpei\u00dfenberg, Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Geise is a technician in the graphic arts and has been editor of the journal Efodon-Synesis for more than ten years, which publishes contributions by many authors critical of chronology.<\/p>\n As a co-founder and board member of Efodon e.V., (European Society for Early Historical Technology and Fringe Science), Geise has done particular research on Celtic redoubts. Together with Thomas Riemer, he developed a new concept for understanding classical Roman history. He maintains his own website: www.glgeise.de<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Barthelemy Germon 1663-1712 [Orl\u00e9ans, France]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Germon was a native of Orl\u00e9ans. He was a Jesuit and a famous opponent of Jean Mabillon, the founder of palaeography. With his work “De veteribus regum francorum diplomatibus et arte secernendi vera a falsis” (Paris 1703), he created a key to the sorting out of numerous forgeries, such as above all chronicles, charters, papal letters, council reports, etc., whereby he can partly prove the producers by name.<\/p>\n <\/a>Alfred de Grazia 1919 [Chicago, USA] – 2014 France<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Grazia was committed to continuing Velikovsky’s work. In good standing as a politician and academic, he tirelessly championed revolutionary ideas in the English-speaking world : the idea of quantavolution, as he christened the notion of abrupt changes in the cosmos and in man, in contrast to the prevailing principle of uniformatism (actualism), will prevail, as he predicted as early as 1984. It seemed likely to him that large periods of time assigned to natural history were likely to be fictitious.<\/p>\n — H —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Jean Hardouin 1646 – 1729 [Paris, France]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Hardouin, an extremely learned and respected Jesuit, was in charge of the Royal French Library from 1683. There he compiled an edition of all the Council Acts of the Catholic Church since its beginnings and laid the foundations for a scientific historiography. The value of his work as a classical philologist, numismatist, archaeologist, historian and theologian was unparalleled at the time. <\/a>Walter Haug 1954 – 2022 [W\u00f6ssingen, Germany]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Haug is a contributor to chronologiekritik. See a detailed biography at Walter Haug<\/a>. Since 2006, Haug has participated in the probing of burial chambers, in cooperation with the Geophysical Institute of the University of Karlsruhe in geoelectrical measurements, and supports private gamma ray detections at the B\u00e4renstein Cairn of Horn\/Westphalia. In the Reading Room<\/a> you will find 6 contributions by Haug.<\/p>\n And the obituary of Haug can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Gunnar Heinsohn *1943 [Gdingen (Gdynia)] Lived in Bremen, Germany, and Gdansk, Poland. Heinsohn died on 16 Feb 2023 in Gdansk.<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Heinsohn studied philosophy, economics and sociology in Berlin; doctorate since 1973. He has taught at the University of Bremen since 1984. He was one of the first German critics of chronology and in 1982 co-founder, together with Ch. Marx<\/a>, Ch. Bl\u00f6ss<\/a> and H. Illig<\/a> of the “Society for the Reconstruction of Human and Natural History” (GRMNG).<\/p>\n Heinsohn’s first chronology-critical book Die Sumerer gab es nicht (The Sumerians Did Not Exist, 1988) proved with conclusive, especially stratigraphic, arguments that the history of Mesopotamia and Egypt was stretched by 2000 years to support the biblical data. He later published other works on Egyptian and medieval topics, the witch-hunts, etc. He also researches the history of religion and the development of the monetary economy.<\/p>\n Heinsohn’s new draft chronology<\/a> is in the English Reading Room; <\/a>Polydore Hochart *1831-1916 [Bordeaux] Lived in Bordeaux, France<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Polydore Hochart was born in Bordeaux in 1831 and was a teacher of French at a secondary school in Bordeaux. His exciting book on the inauthenticity of Tacitus was also printed there, the publisher being Ernest Thorin in Paris.<\/p>\n Hochart had already published some highly interesting, even explosive books on Seneca and the alleged persecutions of Christians under Nero. One may assume that, on account of their obvious erudition alone, these works were deliberately consigned to oblivion. Well known is his letter to the Abb\u00e9 N. Anziani, published in the Annals of the University of Bordeaux in 1890. There are still uncut volumes by Hochart on the market today. Hochart also published under the pseudonym H. Dacbert.<\/p>\n Hochart 1890: see the partial translation and commentary by Uwe Topper here: Hochart’s Investigation of Tacitus<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Peter Hutter *1956 near Augsburg, lives in Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Hutter is a well-known painter whose dissertation “Germanic Progenitors and Roman-German Emperorship” (OLMS 2000) is a masterful examination of the formation of history in the 16th century, especially the emergence of the “Germanic” genealogical table. He received his doctorate from the University of T\u00fcbingen in 1988, was an art historian in Berlin and Leipzig from 1991 to 1999, and has been a freelance artist and author since 2001. See the review of his book<\/a> by Topper 2012.<\/p>\n — I —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Heribert Illig *1947 [Vohenstrau\u00df, Germany] Lives in Gr\u00e4felfing (Munich), Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Illig, PhD in philology, lives as a systems analyst and editor in Gr\u00e4felfing near Munich. In 1982, together with Ch. Marx, Ch. Bl\u00f6ss and G. Heinsohn, he was co-founder and secretary of the Society for the Reconstruction of Human and Natural History (GRMNG). Since 1989, together with Heinsohn, he has edited the journal “Vorzeit-Fr\u00fchzeit-Gegenwart” (VFG), which has been called “Zeitenspr\u00fcnge” (ZS) since 1995 and served as an important podium for almost all German-speaking chronology critics in the early 1990s. See some reviews here<\/a>.<\/p>\n Thanks to numerous interviews in the media, Illig is one of the best-known German authors of chronology criticism. Since 1991 he has been arguing that 297 supernumerary years were inserted in the Middle Ages between 614 and 911 AD. Initially revolutionary, this idea now seems conservative to some authors, since it considers history before 614 and after 911 to have been correctly handed down.<\/p>\n Illig owns Mantis Publishing, which publishes numerous books on historical criticism; its internet address is www.mantis-verlag.de<\/a>. — J —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Edwin Johnson 1842 – 1901 [England]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Johnson was Professor of Classics at New College, South Hampstead, England, in the 2nd half of the 19th century. He began not as a chronological critic, but by realistically examining the Scriptures in the succession of Baur and Harnack. Addendum: Surprisingly, his major work, edited posthumously by Petherick, “The Rise of the English Culture<\/a>” has now been translated into German and made available to all: to be found here<\/a>. It brings a clear summary of Johnson’s life work, as painstakingly compiled in broad strokes by myself and colleagues.<\/p>\n — K —<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Wilhelm Kammeier 1889 – 1959 [Hanover, Germany] Died in Arnstadt, Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Kammeier was an elementary school teacher in Hanover and began researching German history in 1923. In his first book, completed in 1926 but not published until 1935, he proved the late forgery of all medieval documents and manuscripts. In doing so, he builds on a meticulous examination of the existing copies and finds that no originals have ever been preserved, nor have direct copies of these originals ever been preserved, but always only second or third copies, which always differ in certain respects… which is probably intentional.<\/p>\n In addition, several dates are usually mentioned in the documents, but these can never be brought into agreement. This is also suspicious. Kammeier’s third work, which only appeared posthumously in 1982, makes it clear that the history of early Christianity cannot have happened as it is told.<\/p>\n Kammeier died completely impoverished in Thuringia and was hardly taken note of by scholars; he only became an important basis for historical critics in the 1990s. See the review by Uwe Topper: Kammeier and the Falsification of the Middle Ages<\/a>.<\/p>\n — L —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Manuel Lacunza 1732-1801 [Santiago de Chile] Died in Imola, Vatican<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Lacunza called himself (after the Hebrew theologian Abraham Ben Ezra) Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra. He was in lively correspondence with all the greats of his time and was highly respected. Even during his lifetime, he was considered an enlightened man. As a scientist, Ben-Ezra was concerned with the universe, its formation and catastrophes. He recognised the connection between biblical texts and the cosmic effects on earth, spoke of pole jumps and new creations.<\/p>\n His interpretations of the texts in this sense quickly spread from Chile to Russia and were taken up in educated circles as profound insights. His main work first appeared in Spain in 1796, many editions followed worldwide. Indexed by the Vatican from 1812, it was only reissued in the 20th century.<\/p>\n Ben Ezra can be read as a forerunner of Cuvier, H\u00f6rbiger and Velikovsky, perhaps as the founder of the modern theory of catastrophe. See also Lacunza and Lacunzism<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Jean de Launoy 1603 – 1678 [Normandy, France] Lived in Paris<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Launoy was a French theologian from Normandy who worked in Paris. He was called “Le d\u00e9nicheur de saints” because he toppled the saints from their pillars with his harsh criticism. Together with other like-minded theologians, he purged the Baroque church, which was overloaded with falsifications, but was soon banned and his books were confiscated before they could be printed. It was not until half a century after his death that his works were published in their entirety in Geneva.<\/p>\n G\u00fcnter L\u00fcling 1928-2014 [Varna, Bulgaria] Lived and died in Erlangen, Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: L\u00fcling was a contributor to chronologiekritik. See a detailed biography at G\u00fcnter L\u00fcling<\/a>. The author places the emergence of Islam in the 5th – 6th centuries, whereby he adheres to the conventional chronology and does not yet include the idea of shortening the chronology. However, his theses fit very well into a shorter historical picture. The researcher published these findings in 1974, but they were not taken note of by his colleagues; only since 2004 do they finally seem to be discussed in Germany.<\/p>\n L\u00fcling died on 10 September 2014 in Erlangen. (see the obituary here)<\/p>\n See also: L\u00fcling, an Orientalist Against the Current<\/a> and The Christian Koran<\/a>.<\/p>\n — M —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Paul C. Martin *1939 [Luckenwalde] – 3. 4. 2020<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Paul C. Martin, born in 1939, has a degree in economics, a doctorate in history and national economics and was for a time editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper “Bild” in Hamburg. His numerous books deal mainly with contemporary problems of the economy, such as “Der Kapitalismus”, “Aufw\u00e4rts ohne Ende”, “Zahlmeister Deutschland”, “Die Krisenschaukel” (Munich 1997).<\/p>\n As a passionate coin collector, he has gained an excellent overview of the development of the monetary economy and has presented several lectures and essays on Greek, Roman and Byzantine coin development. In the circle of Zeitenspr\u00fcnge subscribers he has given decisive impulses. His radical insight into the manipulation and late invention of Christianity continues the line of Kammeier and opens new spaces for the reconstruction of the pagan precursors of the Christian West. <\/a>Christoph Marx *1931 [Basel, Switzerland] – 2016 in Basel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Marx, the oldest of the German-speaking time reconstructionists, has been running the Podium Akademische Freiheit (PAF) in Basel for two decades, with his own publications ranging from new editions of lost writings to doctrinal manifestos. Through his personal contact with Velikovsky and translation of his books, but also through a great deal of his own ideas, Marx has immensely promoted catastrophism in Germany. <\/a>Gregorio Mayans y Siscar [1699 Oliva – 1781 Valencia, Spain]<\/strong><\/p>\n Mayans y Siscar, famous and respected in his day, edited in Valencia in 1742 the late work of Nicolas Antonio, the highly decorated humanist who had comprehensively debunked the fabulist historiography of the Spanish Renaissance. The work had been left unfinished in Madrid at the time of his death in 1684 and was only now beginning to have an impact. Mayans gave the book a detailed curriculum vitae of Antonio and references to Higuera’s forgeries. He also recognised the lead tablets of Granada as forgeries and denounced other machinations such as the 1667 Chronicle of Hausbertus Hispalense. His exposure of the forged Church Fathers reads like a detective novel in places.<\/p>\n <\/a>Gert Meier [1937 Kassel – 2019 Cologne, Germany]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected publications: Meier, Dr. jur., born 1937 in Kassel, studied law and political science, history and new languages in G\u00f6ttingen and Toronto. He worked as a lawyer in Cologne until his retirement. Widely travelled and polyglot, he has an outstanding overview of the early historical development of European advanced civilisation, the Slavic genesis and the mysterious links between sacred sites. He has published numerous books and essays, on megalithic culture, the origin of writing and related topics. A short bibliography appears with the obituary here<\/a>.<\/p>\n See his critical article on chronology criticism here<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Nikolay A. Morozov 1854-1946 [Yaroslavl, Russia] Lived in Saint Petersburg, Russia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Morozov was a Russian scientist, mathematician and astronomer who took part in the revolutionary movement against the Tsar in the 1980s, was sentenced three times and spent a total of 29 years in prison in Siberia.<\/p>\n A highly educated autodidact, Morozov began questioning the known chronology around 1900. His seven-volume magnum opus “Christ” is today considered the foundation of Russian historical analysts. He became known in Germany through his interpretation and re-dating of the Revelation of John, which none other than Arthur Drews helped to disseminate through his introduction. Based on astronomical calculations, Morozov decided on the night of 30 Sept. to 1 Oct. of the year 395 AD as the date of origin of the Apocalypse.<\/p>\n Morozov’s work forms one of the foundations on which Fomenko builds. See also Morozov and the Revelation of John<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Zainab Angelika M\u00fcller *1951 [Berlin]<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Zainab Angelika M\u00fcller studied education in M\u00fcnster and Munich and worked as a production manager, editor and publisher in a women’s publishing house from 1977-80. Inspired by Immanuel Velikovsky’s theses, she was one of the founders of the Society for the Reconstruction of Human and Natural History (GRMNG e.V.) in 1982. Within this framework, she gave lectures and published in VFG\/ZS and other journals. She is particularly interested in the history of religion and symbols. See also her essay Charl the Great and Harun al Raschid<\/a>. — N —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Isaac Newton 1642-1727 [England]<\/strong><\/p>\n Selected Publications: The famous mathematician Isaac Newton opposed the calculations of his contemporaries such as P\u00e9tau, which form the basis of our chronology today. Although his arguments were based on the Bible and on theological considerations – which did not distinguish him from his opponents – he demanded that Greek history be shortened by 534 years and Egyptian history by 1800 years. In the end, his ideas did not find their way into our current view of history.<\/p>\n <\/a>Hans-Ulrich Niemitz 1946 – 2010 [Berlin] Lived in Leipzig, Germany<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Niemitz was a professor of the history of technology at the University of Leipzig. He rediscovered Kammeier, was the first to point out the “gap” in the Middle Ages and introduced the concept of “phantom years” to German historical research, coining it specifically for the centuries between the outgoing migration of peoples and the beginning foundation of the first German Empire. To support his thesis, he examined technical dating methods – especially dendrochronology and C-14 – and discovered conspicuous errors in them.<\/p>\n Together with Christian Bl\u00f6ss, he published these findings in 1997: C-14 Crash<\/a>. Together with Bl\u00f6ss and Uwe Topper, Niemitz founded the Berlin History Salon in 1994, which he directed until 2007. He has published numerous lectures and essays since 1991.<\/p>\n Hans-Ulrich Niemitz died on 2 November 2010. Here is an obituary<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/a>Gleb Nosovski 1958 [Moscow]<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Russian mathematician, specialised in probability and statistics, who together with Fomenko made astronomical recalculations of ancient, especially ancient Egyptian, stellar dates, for which he obtained dates as far back as the Renaissance period.<\/p>\n — O —<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a>Ignacio Olag\u00fce 1903-1974 [San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain] Lived in France and Spain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Selected publications: Olag\u00fce, born in northern Spain, studied law in Valladolid and Madrid and became a historian in 1938. His revolutionary book “The Arabs Never Conquered Spain” was published in French in 1969 and expanded in Spanish in 1974 under the title “The Islamic Revolution in the West”; long out of print, it was only reissued in 2004. Olag\u00fce refutes the myth of the Arab “invasion” through detailed research: without a fleet, the crossing of all of North Africa and conquest of Spain is completely impossible. Only a peaceful mission and voluntary adoption of religion can explain the spread of the Arabic language.<\/p>\n Olag\u00fce shows that early ‘Islam’ in Spain was a religion of its own, different from today’s Islam, and more akin to Arianism and Christianity. Review of his book by Uwe Topper here: A New Image in Medieval Spain<\/a>. On the more recent controversy surrounding Olag\u00fce’s theses, see the review Negotiating True Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n–
\n< A<\/a> – B<\/a> – C<\/a> – D<\/a> – E – F<\/a> – G<\/a> – H<\/a> – I<\/a> – J<\/a> – K<\/a> – L<\/a> – M<\/a> – N<\/a> – O<\/a> – P<\/a> – Q – R<\/a> – S<\/a> – T<\/a> – U – V<\/a> – W<\/a> – X – Y – Z<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n1868: Roswitha and Conrad Celtes (2nd ed. Vienna).<\/p>\n
\n1902: Historie und Kritik (Vol. IV C) Basel
\n1903: Historie und Kritik (Vol. I) Leipzig<\/p>\n
\nBaldauf published these findings in two separate volumes, 1902 and 1903, which are available at libraries. His announced work on the historicity of Jesus cannot be found.
\nDespite assiduous research in Basel u.a. O. we could not find out anything about his person. The 1902 copy available in the University of Basel bears pencil annotations by a colleague addressed to Baldauf. Recently, Rainer Schmidt has clarified the circumstances of Baldauf’s life<\/a> and brought out a sharp critique of the two books.<\/p>\n
\n2020: Historical Evidence without Archaeology?<\/a><\/p>\n
\n1997: C-14 Crash (with Hans-Ulrich Niemitz)<\/a>
\n2000: Ceno Crash<\/p>\n
\nBl\u00f6ss is a physicist and lives in Berlin. Since the early 1980s, he has been a severe critic of the Darwin-Haeckel theory of evolution and is concerned with planetary disasters. For years he worked with Hans-Ulrich Niemitz to criticise scientific dating methods; in his book C-14 Crash<\/a><\/em> he shows that carbon dating is not trustworthy. His book Ceno-Crash<\/em> sets up a new, abbreviated chronology for the geological ages of Earth’s history and erases the Darwin-Lyellian millions of years.<\/p>\n
\n(postum1766): L’Antiquit\u00e9 d\u00e9voil\u00e9e par ses usages (new edition Hachette, Paris 1972).<\/p>\n
\n(1961): Las brujas y su mundo (Engl: The witches and their world, with a preface by W.-E. Peuckert; Stuttgart 1967).
\n(1991): Las Falsificaciones de la historia (en relaci\u00f3n con la de Espa\u00f1a) (circulo de lectores, Barcelona, 218 p.) – (2\u00b0 1992, Seix Baral, Barcelona)
\n(1985): Interview with EmilioTemprano: Disquisiciones antropol\u00f3gicas (Madrid) TB, 2\u00b0; 492 p.; title illustr. by Caro Baroja.<\/p>\n
\n1995: Der gef\u00e4lschte Paulus – das Urchristentum im Zwielicht(Berlin)
\n2000: Die Gegner des Paulus im Galaterbrief(Berlin)
\n2005: Judas und das Judas-Evangelium
\n2011: Falsche Zeugen (Aschaffenburg)<\/p>\n
\n1909-19011: Die Christusmythe (Diederichs, Jena).<\/p>\n
\nAlbert Schweitzer and many others dealt with these findings at length. They have since been regarded as the bedrock of Christian theology, although Drews is less well known in Germany today.<\/p>\n
\n2009: Historia General de al-Andalus. (Almuzara, C\u00f3rdoba)
\n2005: Die Wege des Islam (Berlin)
\n2004: Las Rutas del Islam en Andaluc\u00eda (Sevilla, Fundaci\u00f3n Jos\u00e9 Manuel Lara)<\/p>\n
\nFor a discussion of Gonz\u00e1lez Ferr\u00edn’s contemporary opponents, see the contribution by Topper here<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n1992: Empirico-statistical Analysis (2 vols., Dordrecht).
\n2003: History: Fiction or Science? (Delamere Resources, Isle of Man, UK, four volumes to date) together with Gleb Nosovki<\/a> and others.<\/p>\n
\nFor a critique of Fomenko’s theory, see the article by Mischa Gabowitsch<\/a> and this comment<\/a> by Nathan Goldwag at his own blog.<\/p>\n
\n1997: Jahrhundert-Irrtum Eiszeit? (Efodon, Hohenpei\u00dfenberg)
\n1998: Erdkatastrophen und Menschheitsentwicklung. (Efodon, Hohenpei\u00dfenberg)
\n1999: Zur Notwendigkeit einer Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung (Giordano Bruno Foundation, issue 30<\/a>).<\/p>\n
\nAn extensive tribute<\/a> was written by Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kaltenstadler.<\/p>\n
\n1999: China: wie entstand die Chronologie? (in Zeitenspr\u00fcnge,1\/99) 2000: Betonbauten der R\u00f6mer, Kelten und \u00c4gypter (in Synesis, No. 37)<\/p>\n
\nHe wrote his critique of Fomenko’s rewriting of history in French in 2000: Fomenko et la “nouvelle chronologie”<\/a>. Translated into German by Uwe Topper: Fomenko und die russische Chronologiekritik<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n1988: Die Irrealit\u00e4t des R\u00f6mischen Reiches – Wer waren die R\u00f6mer wirklich?
\n2002: Das keltische Nachrichtensystem (2nd ed. Vienna)<\/p>\n
\n1703: De veteribus regum francorum diplomatibus et arte secernendi vera a falsis (Paris).<\/p>\n
\n1983: The Lately Tortured Earth (Metron Publ., Princeton, USA).
\n1984: The Burning of Troy (Princeton, N.J.).<\/p>\n
\n1766: Ad censuram veterum scriptorum prolegomena (Paris).<\/p>\n
\nFrom 1690, Hardouin held that all the Fathers of the Church – Augustine, Isidore etc. – , all the Council Acts before the 16th century, and likewise most of the Roman writers, were forgeries, made by 13th and 14th century monks; most of the ancient coins were recent imitations; Christ and the Apostles had preached only in Latin. Although his arguments could never be refuted, after his death the Church continued to advocate the authenticity of many texts that Hardouin had convicted of being forgeries.
\nThe “Prolegomena” were translated into English by Edwin Johnson and published by E. A Petherick in Australia in 1909. See his preface in German translation as an appendix to the article: Johnson, a radical 19th century critic of chronology<\/a>.
\nIn a small paper (from 1727) Hardouin took the view (not entirely unusual at the time) that Dante’s “Divine Comedy” was written much later than is commonly assumed, see our article Hardouin’s Doubts about the Chronology of Dante’s Divine Comedy<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n2003: Die Entdeckung deutscher Pyramiden – ein arch\u00e4ologischer Reisef\u00fchrer. Cernunnos Publishers (Paris).<\/p>\n
\nK. Walter Haug, teacher of art and German, active as journalist, author and speaker, has been working on archaeoastronomy, ley-lines, megalithic culture in Europe and the problem of chronology since the 1980s. Since 1990 he has been researching cairns in the Kraichgau and Zaberg\u00e4u regions, as well as step pyramids in the area of the German low mountain range.<\/p>\n
\n1988: Die Sumerer gab es nicht (Eichborn Verlag)
\n1990: Wann lebten die Pharaonen? (with H. Illig)<\/p>\n
\nhis account of how he arrived at it is in the letter to Illig<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n1884: S\u00e9n\u00e8que et la mort d’ Agrippine:\u00e9tude historique \/ par H. Dacbert [i. e. Polydore Hochart] (E. J. Brill, Leiden and E. Lechevalier, Paris).
\n1885: \u00c9tudes sur la vie de S\u00e9n\u00e9que (Ernest Leroux, Paris) 285 p.
\n1888: \u00c9tudes d’histoire religieuse (Bordeaux) 419 pp. (and Leroux Paris 1890)
\n1890: De l’autenticit\u00e9 des annales et des histoires de Tacite (Paris) 340 pp.
\n1894: Nouvelles consid\u00e9rations au sujet des Annales et des Histoires de Tacite (Thorin et fils, Paris) 293 pp.<\/p>\n
\n2000: \u201eGermanische Stammv\u00e4ter und r\u00f6misch-deutsches Kaisertum\u201c (OLMS).<\/p>\n
\n988: Die veraltete Vorzeit
\n1994: Hat Karl der Gro\u00dfe je gelebt?
\n1999: Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht?<\/p>\n
\n[See also the book review Chronology and Catastrophism<\/a>]<\/p>\n
\n1887: Antiqua Mater. A Study of Christian Origins (Tr\u00fcbner; London).
\n1890: The Rise of Christendom (London)
\n1894: The Pauline Epistles (Watts, London)
\n1904: The Rise of the English Culture<\/a> (posthumously by Petherick; Williams and Norgate, London).<\/p>\n
\nIn 1894, the professor became emeritus and now – after publishing numerous writings with this new tenor and earning harsh criticism – brings the result of his life’s work when discussing the Pauline Epistles, and it looks revolutionary: The Christian Church originated in the Benedictine monasteries of France (Paris and Lyon) around 1500, the Catholic Church Fathers were written by incompetent monks, the New Testament came into being as a result. There are no older texts, and the content betrays the time: the beginning of printing. Martin Luther’s Reformation was the first attempt to put down the rising Catholic Church of France. Before that, there was no church.
\nThese theses are more radical than any before (see review here<\/a>) and build on Hardouin<\/a>. Morosow<\/a> and Fomenko<\/a> knew and used Johnson’s writings. The publisher E. A. Petherick published Johnson’s English translation of Hardouin’s “Prolegomena” in Australia in 1909 and provided it with a preface (see the German translation<\/a>).<\/p>\n
\n1935: Die F\u00e4lschung der deutschen Geschichte (Leipzig; Nachdr.1980 Wobbenb\u00fcll; 11th ed. Vi\u00f6l 1999).
\n1936-39: Die Wahrheit \u00fcber die Geschichte des Mittelalters (Leipzig; facsimile reprint Wobbenb\u00fcll 1979; 3rd ed. Vi\u00f6l 2003)
\n1956, posthumously 1981-82: Die F\u00e4lschung der Geschichte des Urchristentums (2nd ed. Vi\u00f6l 2001)<\/p>\n
\n1796: La venida del Mesias en Gloria y Magestad (Isla de Le\u00f3n; C\u00e1diz) [Last edition: 1969 Santiago de Chile].<\/p>\n
\n1731-32: Opera omnia (5 vols. Geneva).<\/p>\n
\n1974: \u00dcber den Ur-Qur’an
\n1981: Die Wiederentdeckung des Propheten Mohammed<\/p>\n
\nL\u00fcling studied theology, sociology and Islamic studies. His long stay in Syria as director of the Goethe-Institut Aleppo and his thorough knowledge of the Arabic languages led him to the conclusion that about one third of the Koranic verses are actually early Christian songs, the basis of an Arabic prayer book that was later transformed into the Koran. The Kaaba has the outline of a Byzantine church and the Prophet Muhammad was not addressing “pagan” but Christian Arabs (hence the idols or actually holy images in the Kaaba that Muhammad destroyed) who belonged to the Greek current of early Christianity. Early Islam, on the other hand, began as a Judaeo-Christian current and was only standardised in its present form centuries later.<\/p>\n
\n1994\/95: Wie stark erhellen M\u00fcnzen die ‘dark ages’ in Italien? (several articles in VFG 4\/94 and 2\/95)<\/p>\n
\nHe died on 3 4 2020 at the age of 80.<\/p>\n
\n1996: Der bislang letzte “gro\u00dfe Ruck” (article in VFG 3\/96).
\nFurther publications digital (www.paf.li)<\/p>\n
\nIn 1982, together with G. Heinsohn, Ch. Bl\u00f6ss, H. Illig and others, he founded the “Society for the Reconstruction of Human and Natural History” (GRMNG), which published regular bulletins for six years. It already contained all the basics of today’s chronology research. Still active on the scene, Marx is primarily active on the internet; almost all his publications are available digitally; see his website Podium for Academic Freedom<\/a>.
\nOur obituary of the revolutionary can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\n1988: Im Anfang war das Wort
\n1990: Die Wirklichkeit des Mythos
\n1999: Die deutsche Fr\u00fchzeit war ganz anders<\/p>\n
\n1912: The Revelation of John. An astronomical-historical investigation (Verlag W. Spemann, Stuttgart).<\/p>\n
\n1990: Die Quelle. \u00dcber die Zweifelhaftigkeit ‘alter’ \u00dcberlieferung (article in VFG 5\/90, 15-19).<\/p>\n
\nZAM has her own website “Symbol Research”<\/a>, where, in addition to her academic publications, some of her artwork can be seen.<\/p>\n
\n1728: The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended.<\/p>\n
\n1997: C-14 Crash (with Christian Bl\u00f6ss).<\/p>\n
\nCo-author with Fomenko (see there<\/a>).<\/p>\n
\n1969: Les arabes n’ont jamais envahi l’Espagne
\n1974: La revoluci\u00f3n isl\u00e1mica en Occidente<\/p>\n